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Knowledge Bank / Income-tax Act, 2025 / Chapter XVI - PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSMENT

Section 289

Section 289: notice of demand

Section 289 is the formal demand-notice provision - once an order under the Act makes any tax, interest, penalty, fine or other sum payable, the Assessing Officer must serve a notice of demand specifying the amount. It also carries a special, deferred payment window for tax on certain start-up ESOP income.

The basic demand notice

When any tax, interest, penalty, fine or other sum is payable as a consequence of an order passed under the Act, the Assessing Officer must serve on the assessee a notice of demand, in the prescribed form, specifying the sum payable.

Where a sum is determined as payable by the assessee, deductor or collector under section 270 or 399, the intimation issued under those sections is itself deemed to be a notice of demand for the purposes of this section.

Deferred payment for eligible start-up ESOP income

Where an assessee's income for a tax year includes income of the nature specified in section 17(1)(d) (specified security or sweat equity shares), and those shares were allotted or transferred by an eligible start-up employer referred to in section 140, the tax or interest on that income included in the notice of demand is payable within fourteen days of the earliest of:

  • the expiry of sixty months from the end of the relevant tax year;
  • the date the assessee sells the specified security or sweat equity share; or
  • the date the assessee ceases to be an employee of the employer that allotted or transferred the shares.

Frequently asked questions

What is a notice of demand under Section 289?

It is the formal document the Assessing Officer serves specifying the tax, interest, penalty, fine or other sum payable as a result of an order passed under the Act.

Does an intimation under section 270 also count as a notice of demand?

Yes - Section 289(2) deems an intimation under section 270 or 399 determining a sum payable to be a notice of demand under this section.

When must I pay tax on ESOP shares from an eligible start-up employer?

Section 289(3) gives fourteen days from the earliest of: sixty months from the end of the relevant tax year, the date you sell the shares, or the date you cease to be an employee of the start-up that allotted them.

Related sections

  • Section 287 - rectification of mistake
  • Section 290 - modification and revision of notice in certain cases

Want this applied to your actual filing, not just explained?

Talk to our team about a notice of demand you've received

Last updated 9 September 2026

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